RFID based Identity Management System - IoT implementation

This is a project done as part of a course titled IoT & Cyber Physical Systems, Department of ECE, NIT Warangal

Project Outline

Hardware components used	Software components used
ESP32 development board	Arduino IDE
RFID RC522 reader module	XAMPP server
SSD1306 OLED 128X64 display module	PHP source code
Male-to-male jumper wire X 11	RFID RC522 library
Solderless breadboard mini X 2	ESP32 library and board manager
	Adafruit SSD1306 library

Technologies Used

Embedded C
PHP
MySQL
Apache 2 server (XAMPP)
Javascript
CSS

Network Topology

Interfacing of the components

The IoT device

ESP32 to RC522 PIN layout	ESP32 to SSD1306 Display PIN layout
D2 -> SDA	GND -> GND
D18 -> SCK	VIN -> VCC
D23 -> MOSI	D22 -> SCL
D19 -> MISO	D21 -> SDA
GND -> GND
D5 -> RST
3V3 -> 3.3V

Apache deployment IMS Homepage

Steps to implement

Deploy MySQL and Apache server from the XAMPP control panel
Configure localhost of the server with the MySQL database. After creating the database, go to http://localhost/nitw-ims/
Set up ArduinoIDE for the ESP32 development board
Connect the ESP32 board via USB and upload the source code sketch source/source.ino
Admin account and user accounts are to be updated on the database hosted on the local server. Default credentials: email: admin@gmail.com, password: 123
Do test runs with different RFID cards/tags

/* RFID based Automated identity management system - IoT project sketch
  Using ESP32 development board, MFRC522 reader module
  and SSD1306 128X64 0.96 inch OLED display

  Ucchas Muhury
  B.Tech Mechanical Engineering
  Roll no. 203170
*/

//ESP32 onboard libraries
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
#include <time.h>
//RFID libraries
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>               //https://github.com/miguelbalboa/rfid
//OLED libraries
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>          //https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-GFX-Library
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>      //https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SSD1306

// ESP32 to RC522 PIN layout:   |     ESP32 to SSD1306 Display PIN layout:
//     D2 -> SDA                |       GND -> GND
//     D18 -> SCK               |       VIN -> VCC
//     D23 -> MOSI              |       D22 -> SCL
//     D19 -> MISO              |       D21 -> SDA
//     GND -> GND               |
//     D5 -> RST                |
//     3V3 -> 3.3V              |

#define SS_PIN  2
#define RST_PIN 5

// Declaration for SSD1306 display connected using software I2C pins are(22 SCL, 21 SDA)
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height in pixels
#define OLED_RESET     0 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

// Defined pins to module RC522
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // MFRC522 instance

/* Set credentials. */
const char *ssid = "UcchasPC";
const char *password = "pakhirbasha";
const char* device_token  = "e836658407de2895";
//************************************************************************

int timezone = 5.5 * 3600;   // 5.5 hrs for IST, timezone in seconds
int time_dst = 0;
String getData, Link;
String OldCardID = "";
unsigned long previousMillis1 = 0;
unsigned long previousMillis2 = 0;
String URL = "http://192.168.137.1/nitw-ims/getdata.php"; // Set computer IP or the server domain

//*************************Biometric Icons*********************************
#define Wifi_start_width 54
#define Wifi_start_height 49
const uint8_t PROGMEM Wifi_start_bits[] = {
  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x03,0xff,0xff,0x80,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x00,0x00
,0x01,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0x00,0x00
,0x03,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xc0,0x00
,0x0f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xe0,0x00
,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00
,0x38,0x00,0x07,0xc0,0x00,0x38,0x00
,0x70,0x00,0xff,0xfe,0x00,0x1e,0x00
,0xe0,0x03,0xfc,0x7f,0xc0,0x0e,0x00
,0x00,0x1f,0x80,0x03,0xf0,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x00,0x00
,0x01,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x00,0x00
,0x03,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x07,0x1e,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xfe,0x1f,0xbf,0x80
,0x00,0x03,0xe0,0x04,0x7f,0xff,0xc0
,0x00,0x07,0x80,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xe0
,0x00,0x0e,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xe0
,0x00,0x0c,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xff,0xc0
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x07,0xe0
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xf8,0x03,0xf8
,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xe7,0xf9,0xf1,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xe7,0xf1,0xf9,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xe7,0xf3,0xf9,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xe7,0xf3,0xf9,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xe7,0xf1,0xf1,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xe3,0xf8,0xe3,0xfc
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf3,0xfc,0x07,0xf8
,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x7f,0x0f,0xc0
,0x00,0x00,0x0f,0xe0,0x7f,0xff,0xe0
,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xc0,0xff,0xff,0xe0
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xff,0xe0
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xff,0x80
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xbf,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x18,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
};

#define Wifi_connected_width 63
#define Wifi_connected_height 49
const uint8_t PROGMEM Wifi_connected_bits[] = {
  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xff,0xff,0x80,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xff,0xff,0xf8,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x01,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x0f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xe0,0x00
,0x00,0x3f,0xff,0xc0,0x07,0xff,0xf8,0x00
,0x00,0xff,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xfe,0x00
,0x03,0xff,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xff,0x80
,0x07,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xc0
,0x1f,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf0
,0x3f,0xe0,0x01,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x0f,0xf8
,0x7f,0x80,0x0f,0xff,0xff,0xe0,0x03,0xfc
,0xff,0x00,0x7f,0xff,0xff,0xfc,0x01,0xfe
,0xfc,0x01,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x7e
,0x78,0x07,0xff,0xc0,0x07,0xff,0xc0,0x3c
,0x00,0x0f,0xfc,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xe0,0x00
,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x00
,0x00,0x3f,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xf8,0x00
,0x00,0x7f,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0xfc,0x00
,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x7f,0xfc,0x00,0xfc,0x00
,0x00,0x3c,0x03,0xff,0xff,0x80,0x78,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xff,0xff,0xc0,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xff,0xff,0xf0,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf0,0x1f,0xf8,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x80,0x03,0xf8,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x00,0x01,0xf8,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0f,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0f,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
};

//************************************************************************
void setup() {
  delay(1000);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  SPI.begin();  // Init SPI bus
  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card
  Serial.println("reader card initiated...");
  Serial.println();

  //-----------initiate OLED display-------------
  if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) { // Address 0x3D for 128x64
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for(;;); // Don't proceed, loop forever
  }
  // you can delet these three lines if you don't want to get the Adfruit logo appear
  // display.display();
  // delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds
  // display.clearDisplay();
  //---------------------------------------------
  connectToWiFi();
  //---------------------------------------------
  configTime(timezone, time_dst, "pool.ntp.org","time.nist.gov");
}


//************************************************************************
void loop() {
  // check if there's a connection to Wi-Fi or not
  if(!WiFi.isConnected()){
    connectToWiFi();    // Retry to connect to Wi-Fi
  }
  //---------------------------------------------
  if (millis() - previousMillis1 >= 1000) {
    previousMillis1 = millis();
    display.clearDisplay();

    time_t now = time(nullptr);
    struct tm* p_tm = localtime(&now);
    display.setTextSize(1);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
    display.setCursor(10,0);
    Serial.println(p_tm);
    display.setTextSize(4);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
    display.setCursor(0,21);
    if ((p_tm->tm_hour)<10) {display.print("0");display.print(p_tm->tm_hour);}
    else display.print(p_tm->tm_hour);
    display.print(":");
    if ((p_tm->tm_min)<10) {display.print("0");display.println(p_tm->tm_min);}
    else display.println(p_tm->tm_min);
    display.display();
  }

  //---------------------------------------------
  if (millis() - previousMillis2 >= 15000) {
    previousMillis2 = millis();
    OldCardID="";
  }
  delay(50);
  //---------------------------------------------
  //look for new card
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {
    return; // got to start of loop if there is no card present
  }
  // Select one of the cards
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
    return; //if read card serial(0) returns 1, the uid struct contians the ID of the read card.
  }
  String CardID ="";
  for (byte i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {
    CardID += mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];
  }
  //---------------------------------------------
  if( CardID == OldCardID ){
    return;
  }
  else{
    OldCardID = CardID;
  }
  //---------------------------------------------

  // Serial.println(CardID);
  SendCardID(CardID);
  delay(1000);
  display.clearDisplay();
}

//************send the Card UID to the website*************
void SendCardID( String Card_uid ){
  Serial.println("Sending the Card ID");
  if(WiFi.isConnected()){
    HTTPClient http;    //Declare object of class HTTPClient
    //GET Data
    getData = "?card_uid=" + String(Card_uid) + "&device_token=" + String(device_token); // Add the Card ID to the GET array in order to send it
    //GET method
    Link = URL + getData;
    http.begin(Link); //initiate HTTP request   //Specify content-type header

    int httpCode = http.GET();   //Send the request
    String payload = http.getString();    //Get the response payload

//    Serial.println(Link);   //Print HTTP return code
    Serial.println(httpCode);   //Print HTTP return code
    Serial.println(Card_uid);     //Print Card ID
    Serial.println(payload);    //Print request response payload

    if (httpCode == 200) {
      if (payload.substring(0, 5) == "login") {
        String user_name = payload.substring(5);
    //  Serial.println(user_name);

        display.clearDisplay();
        display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
        display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
        display.setCursor(15,0);             // Start at top-left corner
        display.print(F("Welcome"));
        display.setCursor(0,20);
        display.print(user_name);
        display.display();
      }
      else if (payload.substring(0, 6) == "logout") {
        String user_name = payload.substring(6);
    //  Serial.println(user_name);

        display.clearDisplay();
        display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
        display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
        display.setCursor(10,0);             // Start at top-left corner
        display.print(F("Good Bye"));
        display.setCursor(0,20);
        display.print(user_name);
        display.display();
      }
      else if (payload == "succesful") {
        display.clearDisplay();
        display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
        display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
        display.setCursor(5,0);             // Start at top-left corner
        display.print(F("New Card"));
        display.display();
      }
      else if (payload == "available") {
        display.clearDisplay();
        display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 2:2 pixel scale
        display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
        display.setCursor(5,0);             // Start at top-left corner
        display.print(F("Free Card"));
        display.display();
      }
      delay(100);
      http.end();  //Close connection
    }
  }
}

//********************connect to the WiFi******************
void connectToWiFi(){
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);        //Prevents reconnection issue (taking too long to connect)
    delay(1000);
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    Serial.print("Connecting to ");
    Serial.println(ssid);
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    display.clearDisplay();
    display.setTextSize(1);             // Normal 1:1 pixel scale
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
    display.setCursor(0, 0);             // Start at top-left corner
    display.print(F("Connecting to \n"));
    display.setCursor(0, 50);
    display.setTextSize(2);
    display.print(ssid);
    display.drawBitmap( 73, 10, Wifi_start_bits, Wifi_start_width, Wifi_start_height, WHITE);
    display.display();

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
      delay(500);
      Serial.print(".");
    }
    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("Connected");

    display.clearDisplay();
    display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 1:1 pixel scale
    display.setTextColor(WHITE);        // Draw white text
    display.setCursor(8, 0);             // Start at top-left corner
    display.print(F("Connected \n"));
    display.drawBitmap( 33, 15, Wifi_connected_bits, Wifi_connected_width, Wifi_connected_height, WHITE);
    display.display();

    Serial.print("IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  //IP address assigned to your ESP

    delay(1000);
}
//=======================================================================